Understanding bacteria
BSIs occur when bacteria enter and grow in your bloodstream. Bacteria are microscopic organisms (microorganisms) that are present everywhere. Even though you cannot see them, bacteria live on your skin, in your mouth and nose, and in the environment around you.
Most bacteria are harmless as long as they are kept in check by your body's natural barriers (the skin and mucous membranes) and natural defense system (the immune system). However, when bacteria are introduced directly into the bloodstream through a CVC, the immune system may be overwhelmed, and symptoms of a bloodstream infection may develop. If you think you may have a bloodstream infection, call your doctor right away.
Tunneled catheters
The type of CVC typically used to deliver medications over a long period of time is called a tunneled catheter. This type of catheter, implanted by a surgeon, passes through a tunnel under the skin before entering a large vein in the chest. The catheter has a cuff that lies within the tunnel; after a period of weeks, tissue surrounding the cuff adheres tightly to it and creates a seal, making it harder (but not impossible) for bacteria to enter the body.
Most bloodstream infections in people with tunneled CVCs are caused by bacteria that travel up the inside of the catheter. That is why it is so important not to touch the catheter hub and to reduce the number of bacteria that come in contact with your catheter by using clean technique when mixing your medication and handling your catheter.
Talk to your doctor about steps you can take to mix your medication in a clean environment and prevent BSIs.
